When people ask me what I studied in college and I
reply with art history, they usually respond in one of two ways. The first is
by asking whether I paint or draw, assuming that I am an artist. The second is
to reply with a generic “oh that’s neat!” I can tell, however, by the blank
look in their eyes that they have no idea what art history entails. Art
historians study the evolution of the visual arts throughout time and the
important role that art plays in the development of culture. Art historians approach
a piece of art in two ways: we examine the history/artist/time period of a work
of art—called contextual analysis—and just as, if not more importantly we use
our eyes and sometimes other senses to examine the visual qualities (color, technique,
composition, etc.) of a work of art—called visual analysis. The contextual
aspect of a work of art is often quite fixed but it is the visual one that is
personal and varies from viewer to viewer. It is this sensual and visually
stimulating aspect of art that first drew me to study the history of art. Below
is my visual analysis of one of history’s most famous paintings, The Scream, by the Norwegian artist
Edvard Munch.
Immediately my eyes are drawn to a pale figure in
the foreground whose mouth is open as if screaming and whose hands are pressed
to its face in abject terror. One can almost see this scream vibrating across
the canvas in the form of the painting’s wavy strokes. The sky is laced with
thick, vibrant ribbons of fiery orange and yellow which contrast with the somber
black and cool blue that make up the rest of the scene. These contrasting
colors produce a mood of turmoil and conflict. The figure seems to be standing
on a bridge that cuts the painting with a strong diagonal. The gravitational
force of this diagonal conjures up a sense of inevitable fate. Two tall figures
looming in the background appear to be steadily approaching the main figure which
combined with the position of the viewer in front of the figure creates the
sense that the figure’s position is inescapable.